“Time for learning curves on patients has passed.” Yet most first procedures are still performed on patients.
3D image processing and micromanufacturing systems now allow development of high-fidelity phantoms based on real anatomy
- Tailored to specific curriculum and educational objectives.
- Wide range of normal and pathologic variants based on real cases.
- Low-cost and repairable – high wear parts easily replaced or refreshed.
- Accessible in large numbers for group teaching and deployments across distributed teaching sites.
- Open-source collaboration and sharing of designs and anatomic atlases across academic centers.